Myth of Gilgamesh Analysis

Liliana Magdaleno Ken Hiltner, Miss Russ English 122 LE October 27, 2011 Word Count: ~1450 Hero or Villain? In all epics, we read about the endeavors of heroes who have to conquer an evil entity in order to ensure the peace of their constituencies. They exhibit great virtues such as courage, pride, intelligence, wit, patriotism, and love for the people of their land, among other things.Those are typically the qualities that come to mind when we think of a hero; however, when we think of the evil force that compliments the hero, we think of someone/something that causes harm onto the land, and thus brings fear to everyone when the name of that entity is spoken. In the case of The Myth of Gilgamesh, the distinction of hero or villain is distorted. There is significant evidence that suggests that not only is Gilgamesh a villain, but also he is an environmental hazard. In the Myth of Gilgamesh, we are introduced to the so-called â€Å"hero† and leader behind the great walled city of Uruk.Gilgamesh â€Å"had seen everything†¦had journeyed to the edge of the world†¦had carved his trials on stone tablets†¦restored the holy Eanna Temple and the massive wall of Uruk†¦Gilgamesh suffered all and accomplished all. † (2-3) This introduction leads us to believe that Gilgamesh does possess some of the qualities that would make him be considered a hero; his soldiers refer to him as â€Å"the fortress† and â€Å"protector of the people, raging flood that destroys all defenses. † (3) It is rather instinctual for the reader to feel an admiration towards the character. However, one must not be so quick to judge.Words are just words, but actions are far louder. What is true of the statements that are said by his soldiers is that Gilgamesh destroys all defenses, in the ecocritical perspective; he destroys the defenses of the Cedar Forest. As the story unfolds, we begin to see Gilgamesh more as a villain than a hero. For example, Gilgam esh â€Å"does whatever he wants, takes the son from his father and crushes him, takes the girl from her mother and uses her, the warrior’s daughter, the young man’s bride, he uses her, no one dares to oppose him. † (4) Gilgamesh abuses his role of the hero/ruler of Uruk so that he can rape women and command his soldiers.He is inconsiderate of the feelings of others and only does as he pleases without thinking of the well being of his people. Gilgamesh feels like he is above men, king of kings. The people of his land don’t respect him, they fear him; thus the people of Uruk beg the gods to bring a force strong enough to calm Gilgamesh. That is when we are introduced to Enkidu, Gilgamesh’s double. Enkidu is the exact opposite of Gilgamesh, he is what epitomizes the desired ideal of a hero: he protects the animals from poachers, protects women from the lust of Gilgamesh, and is sensible. He is strong, witty, and has a love of nature.Enkidu is everyth ing the people of Uruk wished Gilgamesh to be. If Enkidu is the person that suits the role of the hero, it is fair to say that Gilgamesh is not a hero at all. Gilgamesh is ambitious, and wants to be forever known by the people of his land. Thus, he wants to preserve the great walled city of Uruk and make it a relic for the great empire ruled by the greatest the Fertile Crescent had ever seen. This need for an unnecessary relic that will require heavy resource consumption (in this case lumber) is an anachronism for a similar phenomenon that occurs within industrialized countries, affluenza.Affluenza is the suggestion that material possessions will bring joy to the individual. This is detrimental to the environment because it causes resource overuse and is very unsustainable. The latter part of the myth begins to show environmental degradation due to Gilgamesh’s greed. The Cedar Forest is the unknown and savage realm beyond the walled city of Uruk that is protected by an evil f orce named Humbaba. From an ecocritical perspective, the wilderness beyond Uruk is just nature or the environment.It is human anthropocentricism that makes it hard to realize that the wilderness is not something to fear just because we don’t have complete control over it. Man above nature is the cause of the Cedar Forest’s demise. Our villain-disguised hero needs to venture into the wilderness in order to face himself with his enemy Humbaba; it is during this section of the myth that another character flaw is revealed: Gilgamesh is a coward for being afraid of the force that is Humbaba (nature manifested as the Cedar Forest). He convinces his double, Enkidu, to embark on the same journey and help him defeat the deity.Gilgamesh is quick to talk about how he wants to be remembered for his glory and ensure that every inhabitant of Uruk will remember the great ruler he was. Yet, he is such a coward that he cannot do this alone. He has nightmares about entering the forest a re a psychological indication that he is not as mighty as he thinks he is. These nightmares are also critical of the environment, Humbaba is portrayed as a ruthless monster that will â€Å"tear [Gilgamesh] from limb to limb,† and â€Å"crush [him]† leave him â€Å"bloody and mangled on the ground. (29) This perspective of the environment as ruthless and relentless is the driving force for Gilgamesh to want to destroy it, to rid himself of the fears of what nature bestows. Nature is not a scary nor evil as this classic literature suggests, in modern contemporary times and even in the pastoral times, nature is giving and beautiful, once the value of the environment is known, it becomes less frightening. Gilgamesh had a fear for the unknown and a thirst for power; in essence, destroying nature would be the only way to realize how important nature truly is.After the fall of Humbaba, Gilgamesh stripped the forest of its tall and luscious trees. Not only did Gilgamesh rape the women of his soldiers, but he raped the forest as well. This was the ultimate goal of our villain’s quest: Gilgamesh gained full access to the Cedar Forest in order to create the relic that he so desired. Gilgamesh needs to feel that he is in control of everything, including nature. On the night of the attack, the weapons Gilgamesh used to combat Humbaba were axes, instead of swords or other conventional weapons. This story is a great metaphor for deforestation.Gilgamesh is the modern day logger in thirsty for virgin lands to satiate his thirst for common pool resources. At the moment, Giligamesh only cares about the reputation and glory, not about how much damage he is causing to the land. This damage turned out to be one of the greatest environmental mishaps of all time. The Myth of Gilgamesh took place in ancient Mesopotomia. This area was previously referred as the Fertile Crescent. After this large-scale deforestation, there wasn’t really anything fertile abou t it. In A Forest Journey by John Perlin, we learn about the technologies created within the era of Gilgamesh.It is evident that as human ingenuity kept rising, environmental degradation followed. The people of the Third Dynasty at Ur, 2100 B. C. harnessed the power of lumber to create â€Å"axes, hammers, hoes, and sickles [to] facilitate work. † (37) Tragedy of the Commons, another anachronism, surfaced as the people of the land began the exploitation of the common pool resource of the Euphrates poplar. With the rising demand of wood, policy and trade became instituted and modern day problems such as selling resources at low prices, not including the environmental impact, in addition to transporting these resources long distances.The physical environment also changed with excessive silt and high salinity. Silt was a huge problem because the â€Å"Euphrates, Tirgis, and Karun rivers became full of silt and salt† (38); water levels declined which made it difficult for irrigation and transportation by ship. High salinity also damaged the agriculture industry as high amounts of salty minerals inhibited successful crop yields. Throughout history we have read about marvelous civilizations with great empires and feats, majestic lands with beautiful relics to preserve their culture forever. Learning about their rise is as amazing as learning about their fall.In the case of Mesopotamia, greedy leaders such as Gilgamesh who wish to preserve his era by means of environmental degradation not only make him an incompetent leader by virtue of not being humble and lack of desired qualities, but also one of the key reasons that this great civilization became a barren land. Works Cited Mitchell, Stephen. â€Å"Book One to Book 5. † Gilgamesh: a new English version. New York: Free Press, 2004. 1-32. Print. Perlin, John. A forest journey: the role of wood in the development of civilization. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989. Print.

To Be Human Is To Discuss

There were only 100 years without war in the whole history of human civilization! Iraq and Kuwait had had a long standing, but low level, border dispute over a pair of Persian Gulf islands. No preventative diplomacy was employed during this period of escalation, and Kuwait was invaded in August of 1990. more than 200 people lost their lives. In Vietnam war the total amount of casualties is more than 1,800 million people. In Rwanda after April 6, 1994, 800,000 men, women, and children perished in the Rwandan genocide, perhaps as many as three quarters of the Tutsi population.Although the Rwandans are fully responsible for the organization and execution of the genocide, governments and peoples elsewhere all share in the shame of the crime because they failed to prevent and stop this killing campaign. Not only did international leaders reject what was going on, but they also declined for weeks to use their political and moral authority to challenge the legitimacy of the genocidal govern ment. When international leaders finally voiced disapproval, the genocidal authorities listened well enough to change their tactics although not their ultimate goal.Far from cause for satisfaction, this small success only highlights the tragedy: if weak protests produced this result in late April, imagine what might have been the result if in mid-April the entire world had spoken out. Syria now is bogged down in endless killing. Early in the uprising, Western support might have ousted Mr Assad and preserved Syria’s sectarian harmony. , but the West held back. Now, after more than 110,000 people have died during 30 months of violence, it is too late. Like many civil-war leaders Mr Assad prefers to prolong the fighting rather than risk compromise.The rebels, too, battle on in the knowledge that surrender is likely to mean death. Guys,we live in the 21 century and the humans became so developed that we can tell GOOGle what to GOOgle with our voice but we still fight even more ho rribly than centuries ago. why do wars still occur then? Wars occur when negotiations fail or don’t even take place. The talks fail when one or more of the parties refuse to participate in negotiations. There are 4 most common reasons for such refusals- 1) that the refusing party thinks that it can get a better outcome by some other means-usually through force.2)they fear they will be forced to accept unwanted compromises. If parties think they will have to compromise their values, or give up their chance to obtain their fundamental needs, they will refuse to participate in any negotiation. 3)that parties may refuse to negotiate because they make think that the negotiations are a waste of time and are destined to fail. 4)A final reason why parties may refuse to negotiate is that they are so angry with the other group that they are not even willing to sit down at a table , because they do not want to grant them the legitimacy that such an act would imply.These reasons are not sensible enough to risk thousands of human lives. The main reason why the man got ahead of the mammals is thanks to the intensive development and differentiation of the cerebral cortex. But even the mammals don’t kill each other whereas it’s not uncommon for us to do this. We really differ from mammals and need to understand that the power of the word is immense and the only way for us to remain human beings is to discuss. All these bloodstained wars are not the inability to discuss, but just the unwillingness.While war has created more separation between Arab world and the West, negotiations could have improved the relationships and found long-term solution. the only way to stop the continuous fight in Syria is through negotiations. The Economist suggests that The effort is worth it—about 40% of civil wars end through negotiation. And to pave the way for negotiated solutions, parties should have clear understanding of their interests, acknowledge their interdep endence by considering both short-term and long-term interests, and recognize that their interests are not incompatible.The parties should also reject the attempt to frame negotiations as talk with a madman. Negotiations are about finding common ground with the opponent, but not judging personal qualities of the negotiator. And the thing that the parties should understand best of all- is that they are humans and that as leaders they have to protect their people from war. Nothing in this world is more valuable than a human life. Let’s save it by discussion! It began to snow.. lightly at first, but then in large flakes. The wind started to howl,it was a snowstorm.In an instant the dark sky merged into an ocean of snow. Everything disappeared. The epigraph for Bulgacov’s â€Å"White Guardian† seems like a snowy night on December the 9th in Kiev. the protesters have blockaded streets and occupied municipal buildings, riot police have beaten demonstrators and journal ists, agent provocateurs have tried to discredit the crowd and thus to excuse the repression. The violence can get much worse but the both parties answers to the idea of talks are â€Å"we shall push a little bit more and everything will be OK†. Won’t it be only worse?

Biblical Reference For the Catholic Mass Term Paper

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On Fire Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Fire Creation - Essay Example The work at hand tries to establish the ideas showing why fire can be a natural, technological and human-caused hazard generally within the community. Furthermore, the appropriate or relevant Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) that will be able to mitigate fire as a hazard is discussed. Fire can be a natural-caused hazard within the community. As explained earlier, it is possible to build up a fire when there is a remarkable presence of a higher temperature, fuel and oxygen. In the case of the on-going global warming phenomenon, fire is not impossible to take place anywhere knowing that a high temperature of the environment may possibly ignite combustion provided there is a potential fuel that can help develop the flames, naturally. However, this is common to take place in areas where there is extreme level of heat for the environment. In some cases, in the presence of lightening, the creation of fire is not impossible to take place, which at some point could further lead to ravage prop erties and even lives. There are reported cases when both properties and humans were significant subjects of a fire that was evidently due to a natural phenomenon such as lightening. It is therefore clear in this case that fire is developed naturally, and that is without the presence of significant human or technological intervention factors. On the other hand, fire can also be a technological-caused hazard in the community, working place and even at home at the most specific level. We heard many reports presenting us the significant reasons of fire in the community. A substantial number of them were due to the use of human technology. We heard how cellular phones exploded during its charging process which evidently led to the creation of fire. We received some reports how a micro-wave oven exploded leading to the inception of fire that ravaged properties and even lives. We heard how electricity led to the destruction of various personal or corporate properties and even lives at its worst case scenario. All of these are significant proofs we see around us, proving the point that fire can be a technological-caused hazard. In fact, various manuals linked to the use of our prevailing technologies have substantial information on how we can get rid of fire while using them. Even there are precautionary measures that are linked to these technologies so as instead of giving us hazard like fire, we can use them to optimize their promised design of usage. Finally, fire can be a human-caused hazard. Evidently, we cannot argue that it is we humans who are sometimes responsible for combining fuel and a high temperature in the presence of oxygen around us. Oxygen is one important element in the creation of fire that we can hardly control under the normal setting at home, job and in our community. Therefore, what we can only possibly do to contribute to the creation of fire is to provide fuel and ensure temperature is higher enough in order to spark a flame. In some cases, fire may be due to our failure to take the precautionary measures prior to the effective use of our technologies. At this point, although it is clear that the technology might have a great role to play in the actual creation of fire, our inability to take control of it also provides a great contribution to a hazard that the actual fire may present us. In addition, it is evident that we are indeed capable of producing fire, as we cook our foods, create goods, and develop various products and other offerings. On the process of making all of these, it may actually require us to create a fire, but we have to observe precautionary measures. Sometimes, our failure to employ the necessary actions may lead to the formation of fire which brings the

An African American Fight for Respect Essay Example for Free

An African American Fight for Respect Essay For thousands of years women have been fighting for many things, one of the most important being respect. Some people may think respect for a woman is simply holding the door for her as she walks through, pulling her chair out for her before she is seated, or maybe just standing when she leaves the table; but respect is so much more than that. Respect is a feeling of deep admiration for someone elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements. Respect is a feeling that cannot just be given to someone, it is a feeling that must be earned, fought for, or rewarded. For the African American woman, respect did not come by so easily no matter how hard they fought or even if they earned it. Examples of the African American woman fighting for her respect, has once upon a time been one of the many themes during all literary periods. The two works that I chose have the similar theme of respect. The literary pieces are â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston and â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker. These two works show the same theme of respect for black women and the struggle for it from men. Though both stories have comparisons that could go on for days, they just as well have their differences by the way the handle the theme of respect. Alice Walker has been writing stories and poetry for many years. As a graduate of Spelman College she was given great opportunities and was given a solid education. Women’s rights and respect has always been two topics close to Alice’s heart. It has been said, that â€Å"Alice Walker expresses the struggles of black people, particularly women, and their lives in a racist, sexist, and violent society. † Her writings also lean more towards the roles of black women through culture and history. On March 3, 2008 Alice Walker was arrested on International Women’s Day for crossing the police line at a rally in front of The White House. Walker has set a standard and has never had any need or want to change it. Of the many stories that Alice Walker has written, the one that stands out the most to me dealing with the female struggle for respect is the story made movie and musical, â€Å"The Color Purple. † â€Å"The Color Purple,† is a story written in 1982 that has won multiple awards and recognitions for its not so classy taste and realistic views. Some of these awards being from the Blue Ribbon Awards, Black Movie Awards, Golden Globe Awards, eleven nominations during the Oscars, and plenty more. The main characters in â€Å"The Color Purple,† are Celie Harris Johnson and Mister Albert Johnson. Celie has been abused since she was just a young girl; she had two children by her father Leonard and she is forced to marry Albert, a young widower, by the age of fourteen. During her years of being married to Albert, she is taunted, disrespected, beaten, and abused up until she turns her life around when she meets Shug Avery, a well-known Jazz singer, who comes to live with the couple. Shug takes it upon herself to help Celie raise her self-confidence so she can not only stand up to her husband and demand respect, but to feel beautiful about herself inside and out. By the end of the story, Celie stands up to Avery and is finally reconnected with the family that was once taken away from her. Another great black female author who proudly carries the theme of respect in her stories is Zora Neale Hurston. Hurston, a graduate of Howard University, was a well-known author during the Harlem Renaissance. Hurston is most known for her famous literary piece entitled, â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† which caught the eyes of readers around the world. Like Alice Walker, Zora Neale Hurston has also won multiple awards for her fabulous novels, short stories, and poems. The story â€Å"Sweat† written by Zora Neale Hurston takes place in a small all black town located near Orlando, Florida. This story, like many others with disrespect towards the wife, starts off with husband Sykes taunting his wife Delia by tricking her into thinking that the whip he throws over her shoulders is a snake, knowing she is deadly terrified of them. Throughout the story, Delia deals with infidelity, abuse, rumors, and taunting from her husband. Towards the end of the story, her husband buys a rattlesnake and refuses to take it back where he found it from, knowing his wife is terrified. In the end, that very snake gets loose, bites, and kills him; Delia stands their watching him die. The website articlemyriad. com states â€Å"The reader can speculate on whether or not Delia was too afraid to move to get help for her husband, but it is the general consensus that she purposefully let him die. While you could argue both, if you are going to contend that she was just afraid, you’d better take a closer look at the text before trying to defend your point. † One of the greatest comparisons in this story is the lack of respect the husbands have for their wives, a marriage is supposed to be filled with trust, respect, love, and honesty, all of which the two marriages in â€Å"The Color Purple† and â€Å"Sweat† lacked. Although there are many comparisons, there were also contrasts in the two stories, although not exactly easy to find with a closed mind. A contrast in these two stories to me that stood out the most were the personalities of the two wives in the stories. In â€Å"The Color Purple,† Celie is abused and taken advantage of, but holds a quiet tongue until the end; Delia in â€Å"Sweat† is abused and taken advantage of , but she always speaks her mind and portrays her true feelings towards something. With these two stories I felt it was good to have the personalities of the women who wanted respect to be completely different so that I could compare and contrast just a bit more clearly. One was more hidden and kept feelings to herself, the other more outgoing and stronger like all women should be. In conclusion, respect for women, especially blacks, has been a subject that will always be discussed and fought for. Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker described the struggle for respect in many similar and different ways. I stated earlier that for thousands of years women have been fighting for many things, one of the most important being respect and that respect was a feeling that cannot just be given to someone, it is a feeling that must be earned, fought for, or rewarded. I am proud of the long way that not only African American women have come, but women all race and I am blessed to have such profound women to look up to. Women in the past who have fought for our rights set a high standard for the rest of us to follow and I look forward to doing just so. Works Cited 1. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature: Second Edition Henry Louis Gates Jr. Nellie Y. McKay.

I am analyzing a transcript of Jamie’s Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features used Essay Example for Free

I am analyzing a transcript of Jamie’s Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features used Essay I am analyzing a transcript of Jamie’s Dream School Series1 and will be identifying and evaluating language features used Starkey is a teacher and is in a position of authority and has a preconceived notion his students are not serious as such, sees the need to drive home a few key facts which includes the reason for their being in school. He does this by laying emphasis on repetitive pronouns e.g. ‘you’, ‘you’ve’ as he draws into the conversation. Connor interrupts and thus overlaps Starkey by saying â€Å"yeah right’ in response to Starkey’s comment on some animals being faster. Starkey finds this rude and considering his position of authority and preconceived notion of the students not being particularly bright, he responds in an equally insultive manner stating Connor was fat and couldn’t really move. At the point, the conversation changes from formal to informal and he uses ‘you’re† This sparks overlapping laughter and noise from the rest of the class. Connor takes it personal and uses colloquial/slang language ‘yeah’ and ‘man’ in his response and further insults Starkey who uses courtesy items in response â€Å"Yes // now// right in an attempt to change the conversation from informal back to formal and overlaps and repeats by stuttering nervously ‘this is, this is, this is† and â€Å"persona, persona† Connor maintains an informal note as evidenced in his use of contractions and informal words e.g. â€Å"shit†, I’ll†, â€Å"mate†, and â€Å"don’t†. and use of a false start â€Å"don’t start, alright don’t start at all† because he’s clearly upset. Starkey then remarks ‘problem there are wi wi with Jamie’s food they’ll be, lots of dieting opportunities now’. It seems Starkey repeats words when upset. Again here, he’s used â€Å"wi wi† and a contraction â€Å"they’ll† indicates an informal tone. The conversation is still informal because Connor uses ’you’re† IT’S, and addresses Starkey as ’mate’ AND A HEDGE â€Å"d’ya† . He also sarcastic by using polite words â€Å"May I ask’ and immediately follows it by asking if Starkey has always been 4 feet tall. Starkey maintains a sarcastic note by replying ‘from the age of thirteen. This transcript started off on a formal note but turned out to be mainly informal. Connor’s final response :Okay† brings the conversation back to a forma note

Opinion Of Employees Of Nishat Apparel Division Commerce Essay

Opinion Of Employees Of Nishat Apparel Division Commerce Essay This report entails the details for the methods being used to conduct the research and to reach a conclusion and findings for the prevailing research problem of employee turnover in Nishat Apparel Division. It starts with an overview of company and its operations, global domestic overview and the overall textile industry overview. It also incorporates the competitor analysis of the company. This report explains the Textile industry scenario of Pakistan and its growth prospective such that what are the government policies and regulations for this sector, if they exist. Competitor analysis is done while considering two competitors that is, Masood Apparel Ltd and sapphire textiles Ltd. Literature Review has been done from various journals, articles and published articles. Firstly, the textile industry is explained, then the Human Resource Management is taken into consideration which is the area of interest and then the research problem is discussed through articles. Furthermore, the Research question along with the research methodology including the sample size, variables regarding the research problem, research design and limitations of the research are presented. The findings and Analysis on the primary research is discussed in detail which mainly purports to the basic research. All the factors and reasons leading to employee turnover in this particular firm are mentioned which leads to the overall analysis of the research and findings. The results being mentioned are from all the sources that were useful in conducting this research. In the end, Conclusion and recommendations is given along with the sample of questionnaire being used to get the opinion of employees of Nishat Apparel Division. COMPANY PROFILE NISHAT GROUP Nishat Mills is a public limited company that comes under the domain of Nishat Group. It was incepted in 1948 by Manshas father Mian Mohammad and his three brothers and is one of the top five business houses in Pakistan. The groups journey started plausibly but cascaded down the road of success to earn the existing dynamic reputation, over the years, under the legendary leadership of Mian Mohammad Mansha. The group has spread its roots in almost all leading sectors of economy and by far is the most eminent player in every sector, it operates in. It has no parallel when it comes to comparison in terms of diversification with other groups. Its exalted position is narrated by the presence of following companies under the groups flagship. SECTOR COMPANY Textile Nishat Mills Insurance Adam Jee and Security General Banking MCB Construction (Cement) D.G. Khan Cement Power Generation Pakgen Power Limited Paper Products Nishat Shoaiba Paper Mills Aviation Phonix Aviation Source: Nishat Mills Limited Company Website; www.nishatmillsltd.com (2012) Although all these companies are acclaimed but the three prominent among them are Nishat Mills, MCB and D.G Khan Cement. The group is renowned as a multinational operating locally, with products, services and management skills superior to all other competitors. Currently, Nishat comprises of 21 companies out of which 13 are listed with manufacturing assets worth Rs. 27 billion. Nishat Textile Mills was established in 1951 where as first power unit was set up in 1995 by the group. Muslim commercial Bank was acquired in 1991 and now has over 1200 branches with more than 12000 employees. Nishat Group has been the largest exporter of textile products from Pakistan since a decade with total exports of Rs.36.015 billion in the year 2011. INTRODUCTION NISHAT TEXTILE MILLS Nishat Mills is the largest vertically integrated textile company in Pakistan. It is one of the largest manufacturers and exporters of textiles. It primarily exports fabric to American and European countries where it is used by acclaimed brands such as GAP, DKNY, Tommy Hilfiger, Old Navy, CHAPS, and Sears etc. It employs latest technology from Europe, Japan and USA and obtains synergies from local companies when its a necessity for them to outsource the raw material or yarn. The capacity for large scale production is met with 198,120 spindles, 670 air jet looms and finishing capacity of 7 million meters fabric per year. The company is equipped with latest dyeing and processing units including 2 stitching units for home textile, 1 stitching unit for garments and power generation facilities of 89 MW. The progress and expansion of Nishat Textile Mills over the years is shown in the table: Source: Nishat Mills Limited Company Website; www.nishatmillsltd.com (2012) Over the past decades, the company climbed the ladder of success under a dedicated and motivated management team. The vision and mission statements were rephrased several times but they revolved around the same objective of serving the customers and country. MISSION STATEMENT To provide quality products to customers and explore new markets to promote/expand sales of the Company through good governance and foster a sound and dynamic team, so as to achieve optimum prices of products of the Company for sustainable and equitable growth and prosperity of the Company. VISION STATEMENT To transform the Company into a modern and dynamic yarn, cloth and processed cloth and finished product manufacturing Company that is fully equipped to play a meaningful role on sustainable basis in the economy of Pakistan. To transform the Company into a modern and dynamic power generating Company that is fully equipped to play a meaningful role on sustainable basis in the economy of Pakistan. AWARDS AND CERTIFICATIONS Under the banner of Nishat Group and due to the relentless efforts of the management team, Nishat Mills attained following milestones. Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FPCCI) Export Performance Trophy ISO-9001 certification IKO-TEXÂ   100 certification SA-8000 certification City pad certification MEMBERSHIPS Nishat Mills Limited is a member company of the following Industry Associations and Trade Bodies:Â   All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA) All Pakistan Bed sheets Upholstery Manufacturers Association (APBUMA) Pakistan Readymade Garments Manufacturers and Export Association (PRGMEA) Pakistan Textiles Exporters Association (PTEA) The Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FPCCI) The Lahore Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FCCI) NISHAT APPAREL LIMITED Nishat Apparel was incorporated in 2005 as a public limited company. The company is equipped with state of art plant and equipment for handling all kinds of Woven Bottom made ups. Nishats decades of experience in the textile industry sets Nishat Apparel firmly above its competitors for its dedication towards quality and efficiency. Now Nishat apparel is a leading manufacturer and exporter to all the Worlds major brands of Woven Bottoms. Mr. Faisal Naseem, director operations is looking after Nishat Apparel. Nishat Apparel brings a blend of dedication and commitment towards its customers. This is achieved by offering premium services ranging from thread and fabric selections to the manufacturing of the products and providing the best quality to its customers on their demands. VISION People at Nishat Apparel are committed: To do what is right, to be a good neighbor and partner in their community, to conduct their business with an environment friendly manner, to provide fair return to society, employees and stake holders, and to conduct business with employee, customers, suppliers and all other based on honest, fair and equitable basis. DEPARTMENTS PROCESS FLOW DEPARTMENTS PROCESS FLOW AT NISHAT APPAREL GATE OFFICE Gate office mainly controls the flow of materials that enter into and out of the factory. Without their permission, no materials enter into the factory and no department accepts any material without the entry stamp from the main gate. The remaining process takes place afterwards. OGP stands for Outward Gate Pass and IGP stands for Inward Gate Pass. Gate Office basically verifies the OGP. Then Receipt room is there to verify each and everything by looking both the various components. Here, purchase order is received which consists of all details. They handle internal control procedures in company transfer system (non-returnable materials) like donation, transfer, credit, cash and loan. Gate office has the responsibility to completely verify the item; if they dont give the permission the security will not clear that item. First there is demand and then Purchase order. It includes Challan Invoice. Invoice details are being verified against the PO number. If purchase order is written then it is entered immediately. In case, it is not written then via email this is informed to concerned department and is again sent to the gate office so that they can actually put their stamp on it. And that PO number can be generated. Entry of both fabric and components take place which go to fabric room and to the receipt room, respectively. After they assign IGP (inward gate pass) number, second procedure is to assign GIN (good inspection note) number. The gate office has the authority both to sample and check one by one the quantity of goods. When they approved the item against purchase order, the software automatically generate IGP number, which they write on documents and sent to the receipt department. Cartons by suppliers go directly to the receipt room. There is no specific number of deliveries. If sometimes the delivery does not match then it is kept by gate office and is kept pending, unless and until the concerned department responds. And the concerned department sometimes takes too long.OGP is of two types that is, Returnable and Non Returnable. Payment adjustment and documentation start with gate office and outgoing items end with gate office and documentation done from it. RECEIPT ROOM First physical inspection of inward material is received and IGP is generated by the Gate Office. The three documents being received are Invoice, Delivery Challan and Packing List with material. Physical Inspection may result into following outcomes: Excess, Shortfall, and Rejection. In case of Excess: the items become property of GNA and are sent to store room. For Shortfall: Receipt Room intimates concerned department and also the supplier and the IGP is sent back to the Gate Office for correction. And for Rejection: Receipt Room holds the goods and intimates concerned department which verifies and guides the receipt room for acceptance or simply sending the material back to the supplier. OGP is then generated by the store room, in case; the items have to be sent back to the supplier. On acceptance, GRN number is generated, GRN stands for goods received and inspection note. All GRNs are collected by store room and concerned department. Signed IGP will be sent back to the Gate Office who is responsible for signatures required on the form. PROBLEMS Counting very small items with large number takes a lot of time in Quality Inspection, for example, Tags which need to be counted on a weight scale also needs to be checked for Bar Code, Line number and Size written on it. STORE ROOM In this particular department, materials like thread, zip, buttons and many other required things needed to make a garment are held in an inventory form. It provides each and everything related to making of a final product starting from a fabric to a needle. Main store department provides the accessories and fabric department provides the fabric to the cutting section. Basically merchant passes demand for coding which is by size, shade and tex wise. After coding the same demand goes to the purchaser and then purchaser purchases from the concerned supplier. The order follows as: The material which came from the supplier regarding the purchase orders and other items which are used in the factory get approve at the gate and the gate office provide the IGP (Inward gate pass) number. After approval from the gate office the material is sent to the receipt section in which they check the quantity of materials which they require for the order and then quality inspector from the MMC check the quality of materials. Afterwards, GRN number is assigned to the inventory and then the materials are sent to the inventory store. The staff, present in the store room takes the material from the receipt section to the main store and then they check the quantity and place the materials in the shelves. And then all the information regarding the inventory is entered into the computer concerning mentioned specifications. In order to issue the material, SIR is required from production department and that SIR is signed by both who receive the material and who issue the material. SIR stands for Store Issue Request and it includes the item codes, description, location and quantity. Before issuing the material to specific department, all details are checked from the computer regarding the demand from the specific department and then material is issued to that concerned department. In this particular department complete record is kept for convenience. Also, check and balance takes place monthly in order to remain up to date about the material being stored as an inventory and the remaining being issued to other departments. Every item has its own GRN. According to this GRN, Demand is fulfilled such as demand of threads, zippers, buttons, etc. Threads thickness is checked according to tex that can be 40, 27, etc. Lastly, finishing and packing takes place and for this there is a separate store named as Basement Store. MATERIAL, MANAGEMENT CONTROL DEPARTMENT When the customer books order, it is the marketing department that provides all details. All specifications and requirements of trims and other things are provided in the form of the demand. PPIC raises demand to the Material, Management Control (MMC) department. MMC department physically deals with the supplier and purchase the materials according to requirement of the order. MMC is done for the material procurement like fabrics and accessories. Trims are referred to as accessories. MMC accessories deals with supplier regarding the materials used in the garments except fabric like threads, zip, labels, tag, washing label, hangers, button, rivets etc. If the customer is giving nomination and a code or a PI that is, purchase invoice, then it is the duty of MMC department to check and verify all the rates listed on that. After the verification of the prices and the codes, an order is placed. In Nishat Apparel, lead times regarding the foreign countries is 14 to 16 days. Whenever the document has to be received, it is first given to the gate office, then to receipt room and from there to the warehouse. GNM is generated and then each piece arrives for an approval. If code is written on it then it is an easy task to simply check that. In case, the code is not written on it then the packing is checked as usually the codes are written on the packs. Also, if any problem arises during the audit or any other process then the sole responsibility is on the customer. MMC fabric deals with supplier regarding the fabrics about how much quantity they need for the completion of the order and also what quality the customer desires. Nominated Supplier is the one who is bound to buy from the buyer supplier. Whereas, Non- nominated Supplier is the one who can purchase or collect fabrics from anywhere but the quality match according to the customer requirement. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Primary objective of PD is to establish a set up to understand the designs of products and make it easier to understand for production people. Two types of approaches are used at PD: Reactive and Proactive. Reactive approach has nothing to do with marketing research regarding new fashion and upcoming designs. Client himself does this research and provides the design as a tech pack and PD only copies that design on behalf of the client. Proactive approach involves self designing and then taking those designs to international exhibitions and get orders from different clients. Here, the unit shows its capacity and research work which makes the clients life easier if they like the designs and PD can make profits for the company by its work. For this purpose, PD studies the last 4 to 5 years trends and customers related market segments to analyze and design according to the customers taste. PD is just like a factory within a factory. They develop samples, raise demands for their required materials, develop commercial samples and then take them to international exhibitions. PD interacts with marketing, PPIC, and Production to run its business. Product development has different sections: Technical services, Design Cell and Sampling. Technical services department maintains four types of documents: Manufacturing Specs, Trim Cards (Both pre wash and after wash but all Pre cuts), Trim Issuance Sheet and Fabric Card. Manufacturing Specs includes: Style Brief, Fabric and Wash Detail, Trim and sundries details, Thread and construction detail. Sequence of Operations is very important for an assembly line and if it is changed very frequently then production cost increases tremendously. It is mentioned in the thread and construction details within manufacturing specs. It is considered very important and is an individual document which is not linked with any other document. Fabric card and trim card as obvious from the names has the cutting of fabric and all the trims including pre wash and after wash are fixed as a sample record. Fabric selection is also very critical both for body and pocketing. Designers start their working from a rigid cloth and take samples as leg panels are leg tubes for washing, stitching, embroidery etc. Almost 70-80 articles are prepared every year. These designs are then presented in different exhibitions internationally and customers pick designs of their choice and place orders. In this way design cell brings business to Nishat Apparel and contribute in profits. Sampling is just like a small production house where commercial samples are prepared. These samples are very important for winning the orders therefore it has been kept separate from bulk production house so that attention to details can be paid. CUTTING DEPARTMENT Nishat Apparel is well equipped to handle the complete cycle with state-of-the-art machinery and experienced teams handling each and every detail of process in production. Currently the manufacturing capacity is 600,000 garments per month. Software being used to design markers for automatic or manual cutting is four Gerber Spreader Machines, capable of spreading eight layers of fabric in a lay, two Gerber high speed heavy duty automatic cutting machines, and two Gerber plotters for printing the cutting markers. The cutting department mainly aims at quality control and minimizing wastage. Cutting is divided into three basic areas that are spreading, cutting and binding. The cutting department spread the fabrics according to the size chart and Fid report. They prepare the size chart of the fabric, their sizes, width and shrinkage. The spread is of same length. And according to the length of fabrics all the details are fed on to the spreading machine. For shrinkage purpose they add some margin in length. Below the fabric on the spreading machine, they have punching papers that have holes within it. After spreading, the fabric is moved through pressure machines to the cutting department. In every piece cut, there is front panel, back panel, single fly, double fly, front pocket bag, 2 belts, loops, 2 yokes, coin pocket and other major things. SEWING DEPARTMENT Currently, there are 22 sewing lines with 65 machines in each of the line totaling 1430 machines. A normal eight hour production shift is capable of preparing 30,000Pcs/Shift/Per day. There are 4 sections in sewing section. They are Back section, Front section, Assembly 1 and Assembly 2. Quality inspector at the end of the assembly checks the quality. Leather patch and then WIP passes the garments to the washing section and they wash the garments according to customer requirement. After leather patch WIP count the pieces and then sent them into the washing section. There are different types of machines and threads which are used in stitching to perform the operations such as, Lock machine and Chain machine. Tex of the thread and stitches per length is decided by product development. Tex is basically a standard of measurement of thickness of thread. They use 40 Tex, 60 Tex, 105 Tex and 80 Tex for the finest quality and for strength. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Two types of costing sheets are sent to this department by the marketing department namely, Sketch and Sample. In sketch sheet, pictures and some other minor details are represented whereas; in sample there are no pictures. IE department gives information such as, estimate of how much meter of garments is required and how much minutes are required to complete the assigned task. This is done with the help of SMV which is Standard Minute Value. The main aim of this department is to reduce the unnecessary time of the garment and also to suggest an easy method for the bulk production. Hence, an accurate and correct assumption is given by them. This department does its work in collaboration with the marketing department. This department prepares a sheet known as Operation Breakdown Sheet. Here, SMV is calculated operation wise and target per hour in accordance to machine. Activity sampling method is used for the calculation of productivity and non-productivity time. There are total 22 lines each having 65 machines with extra 16 helpers in total. Total working hours defined for the labor is 8 hours a day. IE is actually helping production line. By doing the time study, production study and capacity study, the problems can be identified. And if there are any bottlenecks then IE is there to solve it. At the same time, weekly efficiency report is prepared by this department. Therefore it can be stated that IE suggests which operations are suitable and which are not and calculates consumption and layout sequence. GARMENT WET PROCESS (GWP) DEPARTMENT At Nishat Apparel, GWP performs various tasks, including finishing washes and fabric trimming. There are both washing machines and dryers. Washing section is basically the technical department which add the effects and shading in garment. Garments are prepared for sampling, add the effects if required and sent to the respective department. The samples are prepared for the approval from the customers and if the samples are approved by the customer then they prepare the bulk quantity of the garment. Scrapping and all other effects are done before washing and all chemicals are used separately. 3 times wash is required for DENIM garment and 1 time wash for TWILL. For DENIM dying 2-3 hours are required and for TWILL 45 minutes are required for dying. And 3% error is acceptable all over the factory. While the following washes are available in a variety of possible combinations. The types of washes available in Nishat Apparel are as follows: Enzyme washing, Bleach wash, Over dyeing (direct dyeing), Garment Dyeing, Garment wash (Rinse + Softener wash), Tinting, and by washes (acid enzymes). PRODUCTION, PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION CONTROL DEPARTMENT The production planning and control department plays a vital role in the massive operations of Nishat Apparel. Their forecasting and scheduling skills assist in determining the production specifications which are devised to satisfy the expectation and demands of our clients completely. Placement and planning of the material is done by PPIC. PPIC prepare all plan regarding the flow of materials from feeding to finishing section. It receives information from the merchandiser and link it the production. The PPIC department links with the FID (Fabric Inspection Department), CAD (Computer Aided Design) for making the marker, Cutting (issuing fabric), WIP (work in process) PPIC sub department, IE department, Sewing Department, Quality Assurance Department, GWP (Garment Wet Process), Finishing (trimming, button, zip, pressing) and Packing area (dispatching). Customer tells the order to the marketing department and then marketing department asks PPIC whether this order can be taken or not. PPIC then looks for the capacity and if it is more the order can be taken otherwise not. Afterwards marketing department negotiates with the respective customer. After the confirmation of the orders, meaning that induction date and the ex-factory dates get decided, the procurement gets started and PPIC plans about the percentage at which the material requirement is planned. If shipment date gets delayed due to any reason, it is the sole responsibility of the PPIC department. Therefore, it is there to implement and control as well. PPIC is actually monitoring the balancing. Work in Process (WIP) is there for controlling. Sometimes the order is delivered on time but even then the problem arises. This might be due to the reason that the material is defected. So, here PPIC plays the major role by raising the shipment alarm. If the other party negotiates well then its better otherwise the company has to bear a loss. This is very rare but again PPIC will be responsible. For a planner to achieve success it is very important to know: What is going wrong? What can go wrong? FINISHING, PACKING SHIPPING In tag section, tags and label are attached to the garments. Washing labels are then attached and extra buttons are included. This is ensured that the garments are packed properly and free of any flaws or defects. Even the possibility of minute needle fragment in the garments is not overlooked; every garment is magnetically scanned through the needle detector. Again, if it is the demand from the customer only then it is passed through the needle detector, otherwise, there is as such no need. In the non-needle zone area, the shade master separates the garments according to the shading and sizes. There is buyer scanning software available. Through bar code they enter the quantity of garments. After that, the material is packed in the Polly bags and then the garments are placed in the cartons. There is also the customer auditor in the packing section who checks the quality of materials by selecting random packing box. After approval, the garments are ready to be dispatched. Now the order is ready to be shipped. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF NISHAT APPAREL LIMITED Source: Nishat Apparel Limited: Human Resource Department FLOW CHART OF MATERIALS TO FINISHED GOODS LITERATURE REVIEW LITERATURE REVIEW Mariappan. V Chidambaram. K (2003) in their article have done a survey of the benefit exhibition of the National Textile Corporation in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry showing an exasperating picture of downtrodden limit utilisation, old fashioned engineering and machinery, poor support and overabundance human power. It has been shown here that the textile division is an unpredictable industry and measuring the gainfulness of the textile industry is a perplexing task. There are different sorts of assets, which are not inter-convertible and are utilized in the processing of textile features. Therefore, productivity in textiles could be measured as far as any of the assets utilized. Study of capacity utilization of the corporation and the installed capacity of the spinning and weaving has been undertaken by the authors as a methodology to reach a conclusion. Productivity is getting drained mainly due to underutilization of machines, inefficient working, poor machinery maintenance, over spinning, lack of modernisation, power shortage and unhealthy labour and management relations. Ganesh. S (2002) in his article has identified that the Indian textile industry is in a state of rot, if viewed from the point of view of readiness for the opening of the globe textile business sector in 2005. The cotton ginning has a poor quality and wastage of spinning takes place due to which imports are descending. As a consequence, the costs increase. The Indian textile industry is excessively divided and outdated to profit from the business openings which will follow the end of portion controls. At the same time trading units are helpless in the event that they are denied of right to gain entrance to the residential business. Patibandla. M Chandra. P (1998) in their journal have explained the inter-firm variations in the adoption of different organizational practices and labour productivity on the basis of various factors such as screening, benefit-imparting, flexibility in working hours, productivity by a team, just in time and the size of the firm based on the primary survey taken from the Canadian Textile Industry. The outcomes infer that screening and benefit-imparting are substitutes. Benefit-imparting rehearse has all the marks of being more successful in little firms than vast firms. Information from 62 firms was gathered by the authors throughout 1992-1993 by means of a post survey that was caught up by conversations with plant administrators for about 30% of the firms. Other than this, various different variables have been defined by the authors for this particular study and the production function framework has been used to find out the results. Harpaz. I Meshoulam. I (2010) in their paper have written about the implication of work, occupation relations, and strategic human assets administration. This paper demonstrates that Israeli specialists working in textile firms have ended up being more individualistic and materialistic, and less aggregately turned. The mentioned issues clearly impact job relations and organizational strategies. Subsequently, it focuses on strategic human assets administration centres on the move of Israels textile mills Human Resources calling, from the accepted HR part to the revamped Strategic Human Resource Management part. The three major influential changes and their impact on the Human Resources Profession being mentioned are the growth and development of the high technology industry, globalization, and the strategic movement. High technology industry brought with it an additional important change an emphasis on innovation. Creating an environment of innovation required a new managerial approach and new HRM emphasis. Empowerment, flexibility, collaboration, better use of employees collective wisdom and less formal structures is just a few of the basics in developing and encouraging innovation. The area of HR measurement is ignored, to a large extent, by Israeli managers. Tools are not developed, expertise is minimal and management does not demand it as an integral part of the business. Very few organizations have implemented holistic, systematic measurement methodologies, such as the HR Scorecard. Tanveer.Y, et al. (2011) in their journal The Way Human Resource Man

The Anarchiste in Walden Two by Skinner Essay -- Psychology

In this time we must fully realize the true origins of our society, not the so called â€Å"party line† they feed us. True, while few of us find sanctuary in hidden places, what place is there for we strangelings? Is absolute equality truly a good idea? In our new world, our Walden Two, we are taught from an early age to behave, to conform. From our glass cages at birth, to our debuts at age seven, to our eventual marriages, all we do is in the name of a peaceful, simple existence. We are taught that anger is not allowed, faith in God is not allowed, anything harmful is forbidden! I ask of you, is this truly a life, much less, a life worth living? Now life was not always like this. Life used to be full of emotions, both dark and light. Pain and suffering were not to be avoided, but embraced. Can we really create true art through the same emotions again and again? Can we have unique lives if, like our sheep, we only follow what the prior generation and the one ere that tells us what is and what is not? Shall we continue to spread out our message, this ‘true’ message of peace and simplicity? In our origins we survived alongside the old ways; we meant to keep ourselves separate. We were taught how to survive, how to function as the Waldenites taught us, alongside the supposedly troubled outside world. Our world knows not the beauty any longer that the old one held. We are base, functional creatures, only doing what we are told to in hopes of reward, in a hope of praise. However, if that is not given, do we really care? Is there a point in keeping our society as such, much less spreading this tale of peace and love and harmony? How this worked, none of us know. Did we slowly overtake the old ways? Did Frazier’s... ...on of the Anarchiste, we believe that man must feel pain, must know himself before others, must know his own pain and suffering to truly live. To reason out all of this jumbled mess; their utopia, their dreamland, is in essence flawed. The basis they reasoned from, while, in essence true, was poorly executed. The only end that a utopia can come to is disaster. Espicially in this, their Walden, where the individual is ignored and distroyed in favour of the greater good. Is this greater good, this ease of living worth the sacrafice of small bits of oneself? We, the Anarchiste stand by the fact that no, it is not, nor shall it ever be so. Pain and suffering are the basis of life, they are the measure by which we know we are truly alive, and more so, above the sheep in our pasture, the cattle in our dairy. Rebel, refuse, this drab non-life! Viva la Anarchiste! The Anarchiste in Walden Two by Skinner Essay -- Psychology In this time we must fully realize the true origins of our society, not the so called â€Å"party line† they feed us. True, while few of us find sanctuary in hidden places, what place is there for we strangelings? Is absolute equality truly a good idea? In our new world, our Walden Two, we are taught from an early age to behave, to conform. From our glass cages at birth, to our debuts at age seven, to our eventual marriages, all we do is in the name of a peaceful, simple existence. We are taught that anger is not allowed, faith in God is not allowed, anything harmful is forbidden! I ask of you, is this truly a life, much less, a life worth living? Now life was not always like this. Life used to be full of emotions, both dark and light. Pain and suffering were not to be avoided, but embraced. Can we really create true art through the same emotions again and again? Can we have unique lives if, like our sheep, we only follow what the prior generation and the one ere that tells us what is and what is not? Shall we continue to spread out our message, this ‘true’ message of peace and simplicity? In our origins we survived alongside the old ways; we meant to keep ourselves separate. We were taught how to survive, how to function as the Waldenites taught us, alongside the supposedly troubled outside world. Our world knows not the beauty any longer that the old one held. We are base, functional creatures, only doing what we are told to in hopes of reward, in a hope of praise. However, if that is not given, do we really care? Is there a point in keeping our society as such, much less spreading this tale of peace and love and harmony? How this worked, none of us know. Did we slowly overtake the old ways? Did Frazier’s... ...on of the Anarchiste, we believe that man must feel pain, must know himself before others, must know his own pain and suffering to truly live. To reason out all of this jumbled mess; their utopia, their dreamland, is in essence flawed. The basis they reasoned from, while, in essence true, was poorly executed. The only end that a utopia can come to is disaster. Espicially in this, their Walden, where the individual is ignored and distroyed in favour of the greater good. Is this greater good, this ease of living worth the sacrafice of small bits of oneself? We, the Anarchiste stand by the fact that no, it is not, nor shall it ever be so. Pain and suffering are the basis of life, they are the measure by which we know we are truly alive, and more so, above the sheep in our pasture, the cattle in our dairy. Rebel, refuse, this drab non-life! Viva la Anarchiste!

Gender Differences of Communication :: Communicating Talking Speaking Relationships

Gender Differences of Communication How do men and women communicate clearly when most of their ways of communicating are so different? In today's society language plays a key role in defining gender by phraseology, vocabulary, and also their nonverbal vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is prominently different between men and women.Webster's defines phraseology as "a choice and pattern of words." Many studies have been done on the differences between men and women's phraseology. It has been noted in many different studies that men tend to talk much more than women do. This was proven true in a study that Lynette Hirshman did in 1974 (Glass 33). It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men; this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men can. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteen-minute average it took men to describe it. (Glass 33) Women tend to be more detailed when describing events, persons, places or things. Linguist Robin Lakoff states in her book, Language and Woman's Place, women use greater description when describing colors. (Glass 31) Women notice more detail than men causing women to be more perceptive; they notice things such as tone of voice, facial expression, and body language. Being able to pick up on those three types of communicating helps women better understand what is actually being said in a conversation. Men and women's styles of communicating are close to being directly opposites of one another. Men tend to be louder more aggressive speakers; they mumble many of their words and tend to be sloppy in their pronunciation of words. Men tend to use loudness when emphasizing words instead of inflection and pitch to emphasize points. According to Webster's, inflection is "a change in the tone of the voice," or "the change of form in a word to indicate number, case, tense, etc." (Glass 51) Women tend to use pitch and inflection more so than men do. Men have a tendency to speak in a lower tone and rarely change from that tone to any others. Women on the other hand speak in five different tones, which makes them sound more emotional.

Police and Corruption Essay -- Civil Law Criminal Police Law Enforceme

Police and Corruption The police. Twenty-four hours a day, three hundred sixty-five days a year, this division of our government has a mandate to enforce the criminal law and preserve public peace. Understood in this mandate is an obligation to police everyday life matters that originate in the daily lives and activities of citizens within their community. Police interact in some form with the average citizen more often than any other government official. In society today the police play a key role in maintaining a civil society. This role assumes a substantial amount of power and authority over the general public. With power comes corruption and/or misuse of power. The question that is presented is, how and why do the police exceed the parameters of their power and authority?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is an issue that is predominant in urban settings, but not exclusive to these settings. This is an important issue because it affects all people. The police is a government service to all people, but all people do not feel they are being serviced. Not everyone is satisfied with the conduct of the police. Why do people feel that police are crossing boundaries that they should not be? This will be observed from four different aspects in which police are capable of exceeding the parameters of their power and authority: police and use of discretionary enforcement, â€Å"Police justice†, police harassment, and the unwarranted use of police authority.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Police are allowed to and must use personal discretion in their determination of law enforcement. Unlike a judge or lawyer a police officer can not gather information and take time to make a prognosis to make a decision affecting the fate of a person. He must make a quick decision based on his discretion to determine the fate of a person.. â€Å"...a quick decision is required to protect the interests of the public and to satisfy requirements of operating efficiency† (Reiss, p.130) Now we are telling officer to not enforce the law, but to determine the law. A policeman's discretionary decision may then be evaluated by others both inside and outside of the department. This is the cause for a further complication in the processes because in order to avoid criticism the police officer then might use his own sense of justice. This â€Å"police justice† is basically having the officer conduct his own trial. Th... ...spect they received from citizens. Thirty percent felt that the average citizen in their patrol held the police in some degree of contempt. Nineteen percent felt that most people in the precinct generally look at the police as enemies. Also one third of the police in the study frequently stop people to question or frisk them, which is seen by most citizens as suspicion of crime. This may have something to do with why so many of the police officers felt the citizens resented them.(More, p.120)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best way to study these issues of whether the police exceed the parameters of their power and authority would be to conduct a survey of citizens, because the general population is who the police have power and authority over. Who else would know better if the police were servicing their communities in the manner in which is expected. When police take too much power of the criminal justice system into their own hands they are damaging society. They are splitting society into the people who are policed for, and the people who are policed against. The police that abuse their power and authority are no longer enforcing justice, but are making it just to obey force.

Capital Budgeting Case Essay

With an initial investment of $250,000, we could purchase one of two corporations. By analyzing each corporation we can make an educated decision on which corporation holds the highest return. A five year projected income statement, five year projected cash flow, and the NVP and IRR of both corporations have been created to aid in analysis. After reviewing the information, Corporation A is projected to have a higher return value than Corporation B. Corporation A, would cost us $250,000. In the first year the revenue would be $100,000 and increase 10 % each year. First year expenses would be $20,000; increasing 15 % per year. Depreciation expense each year would be $5,000. The tax rate is 25 % with a discount rate of 10 %. Corporation B, would also cost us $250,000. The revenue in the first year would be $150,000 increasing 8 % each year. Expenses would be $60,000 year one; increasing 10 % each year. The depreciation expense each year would remain at $10,000. The tax rate is 25 % with a discount rate of 11 %. The information from each corporation was applied to create a five year projected income statement. It would take Corporation B 4 years to produce the net income Corporation A would produce in its first year. Based on the projected income statement alone, Corporation A would give higher return than Corporation B. See attached excel spreadsheet to view the projected income statements for both corporations. A projected cash flow spreadsheet is also attached. The cash flow statements allows us to see how much cash is available one hand. Comparing the cash flow of both corporations help measure the health of cash flow. An important thing to remember is that cash flow does not indicate the overall financial health of the corporations. This does not account for the liabilities and assets, accounts receivable and payable. With this being sad, it is important to look at the numbers on the cash flow spreadsheet. Corporation B has a higher cash flow than Corporation A, but not by a lot. The net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) were both predicted for both corporation s. The NPV helps determine the profitability of the investment. It is done by estimating initial costs, future cash inflows and outflows. NPV is the reflected amount of â€Å"wealth† expected to be added as a result of the investment or project. The NPV for Corporation A is $2,520.25 and for Corporation B is $2,532.25. Based on those numbers alone Corporation B adds  more profits based on the initial investment. IRR is how to make the NPV = 0. It is typically better to use the NPV to make capital decisions than the IRR. While the some facts favor Corporation B we cannot forget about the projected income statements. The variances between the cash flow and NPV between Corporation A and B are small, yet the difference between the projected net incomes is greater. With all the information collected Corporation A still has the ability to create a higher return.

Cultural Differences, Usa and Masai’s Essay

There were many cultural releases between the Masais and the U.S. The unfathomed difference I notice was their simplicity. They think that both big celebration and every disaster that batch go thru in their lives should be celebrated or minimized by the collapse of cows. I think that the fundamental similarity between our civilisations is the read to befriend those in need, compassion. When family 11th. happened the whole rural area was shocked and hurt. Even those who didnt admit family in the twin towers felt the need to help. The same happened with the Masai tribe, they didnt have the specie or the resources to help us with, merely they had what they thought was the next best issue cows. The U.S government took 3 years to purpose what to do with the gift trustworthy from the Masais.The Masais were already feeling disrespected and hurt near the lack of interest on their gift. It is their culture to hand out cows as gifts and for them it is an amazing gift to receiv e a cow. Its what they know and it was passed d deliver to them from their ancestors. It wint change and it is already established. I think the appreciation of what other people try to do to help is star fact that interconnect the U.S to the Masais. After we received the cows from them we decided to use the gift to try to help them with education, and they were very grateful.another(prenominal) fact could be the decision making. In the U.S the big decisions are do by the government, in the Masai tribe the decisions are made by the elders. It is like they have their own form of government. I dont think the intention of the author was to give fun of the Masais only when in a certain trend it makes them attend like a joke. When he writes most the Masai women dancing and celebrating the 5th. Year anniversary of the September 11, he says that not a way to show sympathy but ok. surface it is their way to cope with tragedy and it facultyiness look disrespectful to us but it isnt . they were nothing but kind and harmonic to what we were going thru. Their way of showing it might be different but it isnt wrong.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.